MKTG 4410.003: Consumer Behavior
Consumer Theories for Marketing Decisions
Daring to be different

Herbert Jack Rotfeld
Professor, Department of Marketing
Harbert College of Business
Auburn University, Alabama
246 Lowder Hall
          rotfehj@auburn.edu
          http://webhome.auburn.edu/~rotfehj
          http://webhome.auburn.edu/~rotfehj/essays.html
Office hours for Spring Semester 2019 (January 9 to April 26)
Tuesday & Thursday, 7-7:40 a.m.; 11 a.m.-noon; Wednesdays 8-10 a.m. AND whenever the door is open (most weekdays from 7 a.m. till early afternoon)
Course prerequisite
Grade of C or better in MKTG 3310 or MKTG 3317. Students may not get credit in both CAHS 3800 or MKTG 4410
Required Purchases
None!
A book could not be found that fits the AU Bulletin description of MKTG 4410, a "critical review and analysis of possible pragmatic applications of consumer behavior theories used for marketing decision making." All book options reviewed were a collection of logical inconsistencies, self-contradictions & a vexing inability for authors to delete their descriptions of theories that have long-since been falsified in the research literature. Instead of providing content that could lead to substantive class discussions, the books were written in a way to provide instructors with slides to read to the class and data banks for multiple choice tests. Instead of a required textbook purchase,....
Required reading, listening and/or viewing
+Articles, essays & videos available via links in this syllabus
+AU email distributed attachments or links to additional articles, essays & videos
+AU email distributed lecture supplements
Recommended or suggested reading
Adventures in Misplaced Marketing, ISBN: 9781567203523.It will be referenced at a few parts of the assignments. If you can find a cheap used copy or grab one from a library, it would help you understand the materials. It isn't a textbook, it isn't filled with irrelevant distracting pictures, cartoons, graphs or meaningless charts. Instead,  Adventures in Misplaced Marketing has 200-plus pages with a lot of words to be read, including some interesting comments in the footnotes. The book also has some archaic references, and maybe too many bad jokes, including one set up on page 1 with the punchline on the last page. At worst, reading the book might provide a drug-free cure for student insomnia.

Important dates
Day 1: Full period lecture discussion! "Syllabus Day" is not a thing in this course
Test #1: February 14, 2019
Test #2: [TBA]
American Academy of Advertising International Conference, Dallas: March 27-31
Comprehensive final exam: Wednesday, May 1, 12:00-2:30 pm
As per university policy, the final exam will be administered at the assigned time. An earlier test will not be granted for students wanting to depart for jobs, job interviews, graduate school interviews, family vacations, sobering up from celebrating too soon, or General Jack O’Neill inviting you to visit to the extra-terrestrials held at Cheyenne Mountain where they keep the star gate.

A signed class contract is a precondition for anyone to be considered present for class, to take any tests, or to have scores counted for any quiz or homework
Grades
will be determined by the sum of the raw scores on tests, assignments and on the comprehensive final exam. Scores will be added together and grades will be based on total points, not averages or percentiles. There might be extra points possible on any of the tests, assignments or the final exam, but the availability of extra points on any tests will not alter the number of  points required for each letter grade as described below.
→ Two tests of 30 points each (at least 60 points)
→ writing assignments (at least 30 points)
→ Comprehensive Final Exam (at least 60 points)
A = 135-150 points
B = 120-134 points
C = 105-119 points
D = 90-104 points
F = 0-89 points
FA = 0-89 points AND either (a) absent from all or part of more than 25% of the non-test class days, or (b) an unexcused absence from any test or the final exam. "Absences" includes arriving late, leaving early, stepping out for a significant part of the period, or unauthorized use of electronic equipment. Further details on absences are outlined in the class contract

Course Learning Objective  is to develop a perspective for understanding published research and the resulting psychological theories of how consumers respond to marketing tools, perspectives that can guide marketing managers when evaluating decision alternatives. It's not tied to any specific job, but develops an important job skill of evaluating information for making marketing decisions. The readings and discussions will often use the theories to take a perspective of consumer protection advocates. Consumer protection does not mean that business decision makers are dishonest, bigoted, lazy or dumb, nor does it assert that consumers are not mindless gullible fools in need of protection from evil business. But not all marketing managers follow a marketing orientation, sometimes they abuse a marketing orientation in a disservice to their customers. And sometimes consumers don't know what they "should" need, and in those cases, business should not serve those mistaken consumer desires

Consumer behavior theories & research in marketing can be broadly characterized as as either: 1) providing insightful perspectives for business decision making; or 2) pragmatically-useless academically-interesting studies that generate discussion among faculty; or 3) useless manure that somehow stays in textbooks & student memories despite their logical inconsistencies, conceptual weirdness or absence of any confirmatory support in research data. Our class will try to stay focused on #1, sometimes with a side trip to #2, and whenever possible derisively noting #3 by some socially acceptable expletive

The MKTG 4410 Prime Direction is a requirement that all course work and test answers must start from a presumption that the business' managerial decisions makers are not dishonest, bigoted, lazy, cheap or dumb and that their customers are not mindless gullible fools

TRIGGER WARNING!starts from fact that marketing managers are rarely, if ever, the same types of people as their customers. The job often requires that they deal with products or consumer choices with which they personally disagree. Similarly, class will discuss products or services you would never buy, with product features you'd never need, using mass media messages which would never consider you as part of the target segment, resulting in the class discussing examples that you might find personally offensive. In MKTG 4410, as in life, it is unavoidable. In addition, many video segments are used in class or for assignments because they present class materials in a more interesting fashion than the charisma-challenged instructor would be capable of delivering. These video segments are not screened to protect adult university students from being exposed to scatological references, expletives heard on SyFy, FX, CBS, TNT or NBC networks, coarse slang that children repeat without understanding, and formerly innocent metaphors or acronyms whose contemporary coital innuendoes might not be discerned by anyone not familiar with current Urban Dictionary definitions.

This class won't pander to childish sensibilities

The fact that marketing managers are rarely members of their target segments does not create bad decisions, but any manager's inability to realize that the fact exists does. The need to understand, explain and predict those consumer decisions is why courses such as MKTG 4410 have become a program requirement for marketing majors at many universities. In any marketing class, students must realize that they can no longer view products or services as a customer purchasing a new jacket, part of the audience watching commercials in their video stream, or students in class deciding to inhale from the vape device hidden up their sleeve. Instead, you will need to view consumers from the point of view of marketing managers whose customers make decisions for a variety of different reasons. The managers' options must be evaluated in terms of what interests the market segments, not in terms of what personally appeals to the decision maker.

All tests and assignments will require writing. As it is in life, nothing in the class will be multiple choice. This is not a class that the teacher reads the textbook-based slides to the class, followed by multiple choice tests where you mark down the answers that were spoon fed earlier. What you get from it will depend on what you put in. An experiment in open-ended structure means students are expected to keep up with the assignments, ask questions, and try to think of the applications. If you are tired of slacker classmates that pass courses on the work of others, there won't be any group work. Those who weirdly pay tuition while actively seeking to avoid an education would see this link as a “how to” manual.

Homework assignments tied to topics after the first test will require short answers to specific questions drawn from the reading assignments, or applications of readings to a current situation. Homework will be collected from those present at the start of the designated class. Of those assigned, the worst score will not count toward your point total. Extra points on individual homework or extra assignments will not alter the point cut-offs for grades. All homework with instructor comments will always be returned before the start of the next class meeting. Students must be present and on time to turn in the assignment. No assignments will involve egalitarian group activity

No make-up assignments will be given. A student who is absent for a due date for any reason will have that homework be the one dropped as the worst score. If a student has a excuse absences from multiple due dates resulting in too few assignments, documentation and verification contacts of excused absences must be provided for all relevant days missed, not just those in excess of the one dropped. If such materials can't be provided, the additional missed homework is considered unexcused for grade purposes.

The assignments are important because everyone needs to study assigned readings before the topic is covered in class. That is a critical to understanding the class meetings. Students tend to perform poorly if they have a semester of erratic attendance, a chronic propensity to come to class without reading the assigned chapters and/or an inability to take notes on anything other than what appears on a screen. Coming to class unprepared makes it difficult to understand lectures and an ongoing semester-long practice of reading that should make preparation for tests and final exams easier. Since you need to study the reading assignment before, not during, the class in which it will be discussed, you should be listening, asking questions and taking notes.
chronic lateness is disrespectful and narcissistic
Attendance & Class Participation are not part of the grade point totals except for homework or FA grades. However, the classroom experience is considered an integral aspect of this course and your attendance is an important part of the learning experience. Classes will always start on time in the business sense of the term: at the time designated for the start of class, students are expected to be in their seats and ready to work. As a more basic matter, it is disrespectful to your classmates when you repeatedly drift in late and a distract those present. In business, you get fired. On a sports team, you literally "miss the bus."

Tests and final exam will be essay format
Scores
will be returned before the start of the next class meeting after each test date. After each test, class time will not be spent going over the test answers. On test days, the essay answers will be at the front table for student reading before leaving the test room. In addition, for 5 business days after scores are returned, students may come to my office to read (not write) the answer key. No make up exams will be given without a university-approved excuse. Prior notice and approval must be obtained for any planned events; unexpected emergencies require direct notification as soon as possible by phone or email, with documentation and verification contacts provided as soon as you return to campus. If you wait till the next class day to drift in with an excuse, the delayed notifications will not be accepted.
following the rules is not difficult
Each of the tests will only deal with materials assigned and discussed in the period since the prior test. The comprehensive final exam covers all materials from the entire semester. All assigned readings, additional handouts, regular lectures, guest speaker presentations, video programs or discussion by other students (everything covered from the first minute of the first class) could be the basis for exam questions. If you feel that there is a difference between lecture materials and the assigned readings or videos content, the lecture materials should be used as the basis for answering exam questions. Since readings and lectures are interrelated, it will be impossible to say how much of the questions will come from one or the other. Therefore, do not ask what to emphasize when you study, or whether you should focus more on lectures or the reading assignments. Do not ask what is more important in preparing for tests or the final exam. It is all important. And it is important to understand what you study. No test question asks for a recitation of a list. Test questions may apply the materials to novel situations.

Other class directions plus university-required stuff
→  All electronic devices are to be put away during the class period unless a reasonable exception is requested in writing & approved. Various options may be used to deter or penalize violators
→  Videos in assigned links or shown in class are fairly entertaining, but their use during the class period is not for students to be entertained. They will either be discussed as examples of course materials, or convey course-relevant information in a more interesting fashion than other presentation options. Even if it is a segment from a comedy program where their priority is to the joke, the selected videos provide researched & documented information that can be part of any test. Note taking is as important during video programs as it is during other parts of class. (The obvious exceptions are videos before 12:30 p.m., the "pre-class entertainment")
→  If you find it difficult to take notes and be an active participant in class at the same time, request permission to audio record class for notes to be transcribed later. The lectures exist under university and personal copyright, which means that any recordings made of the class are for individual use as a study aid and are not to be sold, publicly posted or otherwise distributed on any forum without written permission from the instructor.
→  Anyone with difficulty completing tests during the time limits of the class period can request an early start time, a consideration that is not tied to any requirements from the Office of Accessibility.
→  Students are expected to do their own work in the classroom on quizzes and tests as per the Auburn University student academic honesty code in the Student Policy eHandbook (Title XII) Academic honesty violations or alleged violations of the SGA Code of Laws will be reported to the Office of the Provost, which will then refer the case to the Academic Honesty Committee.
→  If you have a disability, you must meet with me in my office to discuss possible accommodations after you electronically submit the approved accommodations through AU Access. Course requirements will not be waived, but accommodations will be made to assist in meeting the requirements, provided you are timely to develop a reasonable accommodation plan. Please note that the most commonly requested accommodations are available to anyone in the class without reference to a disability. If you need additional accommodations, make an appointment with the Office of Accessibility, 1228 Haley Center.

Web sites of suggested interest and review
→ Kantar Media, a large marketing research group, whose job search pages have general information on the business, job searches, internships and entry level jobs (http://www.kantarcareers.com/)
→ SRDS (owned by Kantar) blog with information on jobs & internships (http://blog.srds.com/blog/for-universities)
→ Medicine and Madison Avenue home page (http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/mma)
→ Food & Drug Administration where you can look up all sorts of stuff (https://www.fda.gov/default.htm), or its history
→ Government information on recent product recalls, including your car, truck or recreational vehicle (http://www.recalls.gov)
→ Public Citizen's Consumer Law & Policy blog (http://pubcit.typepad.com/clpblog)
→ A short informative summary on the basic ways on ways a developed country provides health insurance for its citizens, four of which are universal health care plans ( http://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2017/07/a-very-brief-primer-on-single-payer-health-care/ )
→ CGP Grey's YouTube channel of short explanatory videos on varying subjects (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2C_jShtL725hvbm1arSV9w) Admittedly, only a few of Grey's videos are directly related to this course, but they are all interesting and informative

Lecture topics & reading assignments
The numbers by each item is a topic number, and assignments will be by the topics. This is a work in progress and assignments will be updated and adjusted as we move along.  Assignment updates, additional explanations on lecture topics, or answers to student questions will sometimes be sent to all registered class members via the Auburn University email addresses that are provided for all students. You are expected to make a daily check of university email for class related messages and information. Other items for general interest (or amusement) are linked to the pictures at various parts of the syllabus. everyone must read the assignments

As far as can be checked, at the start of the semester all articles listed below can be accessed via links to the titles. And you should not have to pay for access to any of the articles. HOWEVER, some of the links require a subscription that is paid by the AU libraries. To download these articles, you have to using a campus computer or a computer, phone or tablet using the campus network. When you click on these articles while using a campus internet address, the publication's system recognizes the IP address and gives free access to their subscription-required web pages. This also works if you are logged into the AU VPN or are using the network of another organization with a subscription such as the library of another university.

1) Definitions and uses of consumer theory
        Rory Sutherland: Life Lessons from an Ad Man
        scientific method on TV
        Theory, Data, Interpretations & More Theory
2) abuses of consumer theory
        Historical Perspective on the 4th Wave of Consumer Protection
        Mistaking a Marketing Perspective for Ethical Analysis
        online video: Volkswagen pollution testing
        online video: Why doesn't MTV play music videos
3) Research interpretation
        handout: "Errors in Research" plus others notes and definitions of reliability, validity (email or class handout)
        What Social Science Does - & Doesn't - Know
        Metric Mania
        Mistaking Precision for Reality
        A Snapshot or a Painting? Metaphors, Myths, Misuses and Misunderstandings of Marketing Research Information...."
        Recommended email handout: "The Truth Wears Out" (on the Decline Effect)
        Recommended email handout: "Beware your broker"
4) Segmentation & target selection
       Consumers, People and Kim
       Fear of Audience Segmentation
       Mistaking Demographic Segments for People
       Malcolm Gladwell TED talk on consumer choice
Next time, this might be a better place for the first test
5) Personality, drives & monsters from the id
       Addiction and Freedom
       email handout: Personality Plus
       email handout: Polygraph theism
This seemed like a good place to have a test
6) Conditioning & learning
        Cautions and Concerns in Experimental Research on the Consumer Interest
        Financial Aliteracy
        Brand Image of Company Names
7) Psychology of perception
        Fooled by Your Own Brain
        Misplaced Paranoia Over Subliminal Advertising
        Myth of Multitasking
        Stealth Influence of Covert Marketing
8) Attitudes
        How Facts Backfire
        Theory of Reasoned Action Applied to Brand Loyalty
        Social Judgment Theory
9) Persuasive communication
         How Responsible Are "Responsible" Drinking Campaigns
         Understanding Communications Research Findings
         Fear Appeals & Persuasion
        The Textbook Effect
This seems like another good place to have a test
10) Family, social class and decision makingfamily use of subcultural artifacts
         Inconspicuous Consumption
11) International & culture perspectives
       Use, Misuse, and Abuse of Content Analysis
       Mind the Gaffe
12) Subcultures & identity
   -- what is ethnicity of the bird pictured to the right?
        Appropriate Confusion
        Short History of the Bagel
        Training Book for the New Store Clerk
13) Beyond theory and research
        How Do You Know That?
        Can You Really Say That?
        Noticing the Students' Notes Not Written





Herbert Jack Rotfeld
Professor, Department of Marketing
Harbert College of Business
Auburn University, Alabama
246 Lowder Hall
          rotfehj@auburn.edu
          http://webhome.auburn.edu/~rotfehj
          http://webhome.auburn.edu/~rotfehj/essays.html