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}{PSTYLE "Maple Plot" -1 13 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "Time s" 1 12 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 }3 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 } {PSTYLE "Title" -1 18 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "Times" 1 18 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 }3 1 0 0 12 12 1 0 1 0 2 2 19 1 }{PSTYLE "Author" -1 19 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "Times" 1 12 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 }3 1 0 0 8 8 1 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 }{PSTYLE "Heading 2" -1 256 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "Time s" 1 14 0 0 0 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 }3 1 0 0 4 4 1 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 } {PSTYLE "Heading 3" -1 257 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "Times" 1 12 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 }3 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 }{PSTYLE "Normal" -1 258 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "Times" 1 8 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 }1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 }{PSTYLE "Heading 2" -1 259 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 " Times" 1 14 0 0 0 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 }1 1 0 0 4 4 1 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 } } {SECT 0 {PARA 256 "" 0 "" {TEXT 329 21 "Introduction to Maple" }} {PARA 257 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 10 "A. J. Meir" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 258 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 46 "Copyright (C) A. J. Meir. All ri ghts reserved." }}{PARA 258 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 492 "This worksheet is fo r educational use only. No part of this publication may be reproduced \+ or transmitted for profit in any form or by any means, electronic or m echanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage \+ and retrieval system without prior written permission from the author. Not for profit distribution of the software is allowed without prior \+ written permission, providing that the worksheet is not modified in an y way and full credit to the author is acknowledged." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 " " {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT 332 0 "" }{TEXT -1 0 "" } {TEXT 331 91 "(This document is largely based on a similar document or iginally written by P. G. Schmidt.)" }{TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 3 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 11 "Orientation" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 775 "The projects and some of the homework that will be assigned during the quarter r equire the use of a computer and appropriate software. I recommend the symbolic algebra package Maple and will provide detailed instructions on how to use it on DUC PCs (such as may be found in Parker 252, 25 4, and 256) or Sun workstations (such as may be found in School of En gineering computer labs). Maple is also accessible from other computer labs maintained by the Division of University Computing (DUC) and fro m the labs in the School of Engineering. You are welcome to use other \+ computer platforms and suitable software (such as Matlab, Mathematica - which is installed on DUC's PCs, or Macsyma) that you may be famili ar with, but I cannot provide instructions on how to use those." }} {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 282 "The inst ructions below refer to Maple 6 and assume that you are working on a P C running Windows (and Maple), or a Sun workstation using the CDE (the \"Common Desktop Environment\"), or a PC with X-server software, such as, X-Win32. Other systems may behave in slightly different ways." }} {PARA 3 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 15 "Getting Started" }}{PARA 4 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 27 "1. Activating Your Account." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 530 "Ev ery student at Auburn University has an account on the DUC computers. \+ If you have never activated your account, call the AU Voice Automated \+ Information System at 844-5800 to do so. You will be provided with a u ser name and (temporary) password that allow you to log into any of th e public-access DUC computers on campus. Should you have trouble activ ating your account or encounter other network-related problems, call t he DUC hotline at 844-5555, send email to hotline@mail.auburn.edu, or \+ go to the DUC office in 26 L Building." }}{PARA 4 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 41 "2a. Logging Onto a PC and Starting Maple." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 700 "Log onto a DUC PC (in one of the Parker Hall Labs) using your global DUC id and password (if you are logging on for the first time \+ you will be prompted to change your password; do so following the onli ne instructions ). When the system is up click the \"Start\" button (i n the lower left corner of the screen). Choose \"Programs\" from the s ubmenu and then \"Maple 6\" from the submenu and then again \"Maple 6 \" from the submenu (that is Start->Programs->Maple 6 -> Maple 6). Thi s action should bring up a window titled \"Maple 6\" with a subwindow \+ titled \"Untitled (1)\". The subwindow is a so-called Maple worksheet; this is where you will enter Maple commands and where Maple's respons es will be displayed." }}{PARA 4 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 94 "2b. Starting the Common Desktop Environment and Manipulating its Windows on a Sun work station." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 402 "Log onto a Sun workstations. If you are logging in for the first time, the system may ask you to \+ change your password. Do so, following the instructions on the screen. \n\nNext, open a Terminal window: Move the cursor to the background of the screen, press the right mouse button, and select \"Terminal\" fro m the \"Programs\" menu (that is Programs -> Terminal...). Wait for th e window to open and activate " }{TEXT 256 149 "it by moving the curso r into the window and clicking the left mouse button. You can now type Unix commands in the Terminal window. Type, for example," }}{PARA 0 " " 0 "" {TEXT 258 2 "ls" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT 257 113 "and hit the R eturn key. The system will respond by displaying a list of all the fil es in your current directory.\n" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT 259 1572 "Mos t of the windows that appear on the screen can be resized and moved ar ound with the mouse. Try the following operations on one of the window s on your screen (for example, the Terminal window that you just opene d).\n\nTo move a window, move the cursor to the window's title bar, pr ess the left mouse button, and drag the mouse (while holding down the \+ left mouse button). To resize a window, move the cursor to one of the \+ window's corners or edges, press the left mouse button, and drag the m ouse. To enlarge a window to its maximum size, click on the right-most button in the window's title bar (using the left mouse button). Click ing on the same button again will restore the window's previous size. \+ Clicking on the adjacent button in the title bar will shrink (iconize) the window to a small icon, which can be reopened by double-clicking \+ on the icon. (If you iconized a window and don't see the icon anywhere on the screen, it is probably hidden behind one of the other windows. You can retrieve it by moving the other windows.) To bring a partiall y obscured window to the front, click on the title bar or anywhere on \+ the outer rim of the window.\n\nIf a window contains more text than ca n be displayed at one time, you can scroll through its contents by cli cking on the up/down arrows in the scroll bar near the window's right \+ margin, by dragging the scroll bar slider with the mouse, or by clicki ng the left mouse button either above or below the slider in the scrol l bar. (You can try this in a Terminal window that you filled up with \+ text by repeatedly executing the " }{TEXT 260 3 "ls " }{TEXT 261 269 " command.)\n\nClicking on the button in the upper-left corner of the wi ndow's title bar and selecting \"Close\" from the pull-down menu will \+ close (exit) the window, i.e., make the window disappear for good. (Yo u can try this on a Terminal window and then open a new one.) " }} {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 214 "To get h elp about the system (operating system, Unix commands, and windowing s ystem - CDE) click on the up-arrow right above the icon with the quest ion mark in the main window's tool bar and selct the item desired." }} {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 432 "Go into \+ a Terminal window, type\nxmaple &\nat the prompt, and hit Return. (The & is optional but recommended; it causes Maple to \"run in the backgr ound\" and frees up the Terminal window for other tasks.) This action \+ should bring up a window titled \"Maple 6\" with a subwindow titled \" Untitled (1)\". The subwindow is a so-called Maple worksheet; this is \+ where you will enter Maple commands and where Maple's responses will b e displayed." }}{PARA 4 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 66 "2c. Runing Maple remotely (from Mallard) on a PC with an X-Server." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 612 "On a university PC with X-Win32 software do the following. Log in to the PC using your global id and password. From the lower tool bar s elect Start -> Programs -> AUNet -> X-Win32. Log into mallard (the uni versity's Unix server again using your global id and global password). You should now have a mallard terminal window (if so, go to the next \+ step). If you do not get a mallard terminal window (or if you close it or want to open another one) open the X-Win32 window and start a mall ard session by selecting Session (while holding the mouse button down) select mallard (you will get a mallard terminal window)." }}{PARA 0 " " 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 432 "Go into a Termina l window, type\nxmaple &\nat the prompt, and hit Return. (The & is opt ional but recommended; it causes Maple to \"run in the background\" an d frees up the Terminal window for other tasks.) This action should br ing up a window titled \"Maple 6\" with a subwindow titled \"Untitled \+ (1)\". The subwindow is a so-called Maple worksheet; this is where you will enter Maple commands and where Maple's responses will be display ed." }}{PARA 259 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 43 "2d. Other Operating Systems/Wind ow Managers" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 165 "If you read so far you sh ould have gotten the gist of things and can probably figure out how to use other operating systems (Linux, MacOS) and other window managers. " }}{PARA 4 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 28 "3. Your First Maple Session." }} {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT 263 9 "Warning: " }{TEXT 262 433 "Maple 6 is ver y similar to Maple V Release 5, but there are substantial differences \+ between Maple V Release 5 and earlier versions of Maple. Before contin uing, check the title bar of the Maple window to make sure you have th e correct version. (What if you are getting an earlier version of Mapl e or no Maple at all? --- If you are working on a School of Engineerin g account, you may have to first enable access to Maple 6 by running \+ " }{TEXT 264 10 "user-setup" }{TEXT 265 15 " and selecting " }{TEXT 266 30 "the correct version of Maple. " }{TEXT 267 117 "If you are wor king on a DUC account, try a different workstation in the lab or conta ct the DUC hotline to complain.)\n" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT 330 126 "M ove the cursor into the window titled \"Untitled (1)\". Activate the M aple worksheet (by clicking on it). At the Maple prompt (" }{TEXT 269 1 ">" }{TEXT 268 7 "), type" }}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 5 "2+3; " }{TEXT -1 105 "(including the semicolon) and hit Return. Map le should respond with the obvious \nanswer and you will see:" }} {PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#\"\"&" }}}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT 270 39 "You can now type a new command at the (" }{TEXT 272 1 ">" }{TEXT -1 1 ")" }{TEXT 271 21 " prompt, for example," }}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 16 "diff(sin(x),x); " }{TEXT -1 49 "and execute it ( by hitting Return). You will see:" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#- %$cosG6#%\"xG" }}}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {XPPEDIT 18 0 "cos(x)" "6#-%$cosG6#% \"xG" }{TEXT 273 20 " (the derivative of " }{XPPEDIT 18 0 "sin(x)" "6# -%$sinG6#%\"xG" }{TEXT 274 18 " with respect to " }{XPPEDIT 18 0 "x" "6#%\"xG" }{TEXT 275 26 "). Next, enter the command" }}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 22 "plot(sin(x),x=0..10); " }{TEXT -1 47 "which should cause Maple to generate a plot of " }{XPPEDIT 18 0 "sin(x)" "6 #-%$sinG6#%\"xG" }{TEXT -1 23 " on the interval [0,10]" }}{PARA 13 "" 1 "" {GLPLOT2D 271 190 190 {PLOTDATA 2 "6%-%'CURVESG6$7bp7$$\"\"!F)F(7 $$\"3GLLL3x&)*3\"!#=$\"3s-w#GX,x3\"F-7$$\"3emmm;arz@F-$\"3#omk:3'\\i@F -7$$\"3v***\\7y%*z7$F-$\"3[5PuXZBxIF-7$$\"3[LL$e9ui2%F-$\"3Y%>(=1EKkRF -7$$\"3nmmm\"z_\"4iF-$\"3!et=0V)zc;***F-7$$\"3%om;zR'ok;FL$ \"3yv)3Dkbf&**F-7$$\"3OLL3_(>/x\"FL$\"3YD_%>A89!)*F-7$$\"33++D1J:w=FL$ \"3:bBEMvRP&*F-7$$\"3+n;HdG\"\\)>FL$\"3IhFB$p@Z:*F-7$$\"3oLLL3En$4#FL$ \"3)4J8vCkQm)F-7$$\"3#pmmT!RE&G#FL$\"3A'y&=(*>UavF-7$$\"3D+++D.&4]#FL$ \"3[Ywmr_5xfF-7$$\"3?+++]jB4EFL$\"3I(*3>8(\\c2&F-7$$\"3;+++vB__d.-P@F-7$$\"3pL$eky#*4-$FL$\"3$yDI)*QxI?\"F-7$$\"3&om;z*ev:JF L$\"3Wz2mE\")Q$e#!#>7$$\"3>+]7.%Q%GKFL$!350zC#HiOn)Fhs7$$\"3_LLL347TLF L$!3=h!o%p'p?)>F-7$$\"3#QLL3xxlV$FL$!3)Q!=Q-hD2HF-7$$\"3nLLLLY.KNFL$!3 :ewW!prf!QF-7$$\"33++D\"o7Tv$FL$!3ku9$eu6$\\dF-7$$\"3?LLL$Q*o]RFL$!3(3 plbvSmB(F-7$$\"3m++D\"=lj;%FL$!3ivrBn3'fa)F-7$$\"3S++vV&R4hG(*F-7$$\"3CML$e9Ege%FL$!31\"HW$[$ o-#**F-7$$\"3hL3FW;ANYFL$!39FK4$yS-(**F-7$$\"3'QL3F9UV&f@ v**F-7$$\"3/+](=7O*))[FL$!3t'*RX0*fX%)*F-7$$\"3emm;/T1&*\\FL$!3-8VK[r7 .'*F-7$$\"3Vm;/^7I0^FL$!3yAnMw#zzB*F-7$$\"3=nm\"zRQb@&FL$!3e`.(*3Iog() F-7$$\"3:++v=>Y2aFL$!3Ys&>3\"*p+o(F-7$$\"3Znm;zXu9cFL$!3[e$[XTIw>'F-7$ $\"3yLLe9i\"=s&FL$!3-OkE/nXB`F-7$$\"34+++]y))GeFL$!3]kkp&Q6$)Q%F-7$$\" 3k++DcljLfFL$!3@f)\\\\\")QZU$F-7$$\"3H++]i_QQgFL$!3S^C@eLiBCF-7$$\"3U+ ](=-N(RhFL$!3bg=t\\!)eH9F-7$$\"3b++D\"y%3TiFL$!3YAva:!4)3UFhs7$$\"3G+] P4kh`jFL$\"3!R40^s)GPqFhs7$$\"3+++]P![hY'FL$\"3XJ%4'pkV>=F-7$$\"3KmmT5 FEnlFL$\"3+L>G5&>F!GF-7$$\"3iKLL$Qx$omFL$\"3CT&opXrtv$F-7$$\"3Y+++v.I% )oFL$\"3Wf1etUibcF-7$$\"3?mm\"zpe*zqFL$\"3]yt\"GgV5:(F-7$$\"3;,++D\\'Q H(FL$\"3#39p/6J>Z)F-7$$\"3%HL$e9S8&\\(FL$\"3)*e%p:c@IO*F-7$$\"3%om;/6E .g(FL$\"3G#GQ,f:+o*F-7$$\"3s++D1#=bq(FL$\"3mi/mI`***))*F-7$$\"3yL3xc/% pv(FL$\"3-&*Q\"z)>&H&**F-7$$\"3#om\"H2FO3yFL$\"37Rn1sjf*)**F-7$$\"3')* \\7y&\\yfyFL$\"33dZj2;$)****F-7$$\"3\"HLL$3s?6zFL$\"35k:3O1j$)**F-7$$ \"3!*)\\i!R:/lzFL$\"3]=Q%4&=RQ**F-7$$\"3yl;zpe()=!)FL$\"3)p4G%=sNk)*F- 7$$\"3mK3_+-rs!)FL$\"31/@4\\7uh(*F-7$$\"3a***\\7`Wl7)FL$\"3Ntx1m7%3j*F -7$$\"3cL$e*[ACI#)FL$\"3K&3#QS:X+$*F-7$$\"3enmmm*RRL)FL$\"35TM/J;9q))F -7$$\"3%zmmTvJga)FL$\"3%zM2T<%R*p(F-7$$\"3]MLe9tOc()FL$\"37=j(GL%R(>'F -7$$\"3oo;H#e0I&))FL$\"3kJvTvOB6aF-7$$\"31,++]Qk\\*)FL$\"3#*>#pz1xXd%F -7$$\"3#)omT5ASg!*FL$\"3#>%*p`)4mjNF-7$$\"3![LL3dg6<*FL$\"3A!Q?&pE24DF -7$$\"3K,+voTAq#*FL$\"3ee82`ARR:F-7$$\"3%ymmmw(Gp$*FL$\"3]#p#QF@ " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 14 "int(sin(x),x);" }}}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> \+ " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 20 "int(sin(x),x=0..Pi);" }}}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 20 "limit(sin(x) /x,x=0);" }}}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT 277 1 " " }}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 " " {MPLTEXT 1 0 27 "limit(sin(x)/x,x=infinity);" }}}{PARA 4 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 27 "4. Editing Maple Commands." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 240 "Just like other programming language (or software package), Maple is extremely picky about syntax, spelling, and punctuation. If it doe sn't \"like\" a command, Maple will respond with an error message. For example, ask Maple to differentiate " }{XPPEDIT 18 0 "cos(x)" "6#-%$c osG6#%\"xG" }{TEXT -1 17 " with respect to " }{XPPEDIT 18 0 "x" "6#%\" xG" }{TEXT -1 12 " by entering" }}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 15 "diff(cos x,x); " }{TEXT -1 69 "(including the space), and Maple \+ will complain about a syntax error: " }{MPLTEXT 1 0 0 "" }}{PARA 8 "" 1 "" {TEXT -1 31 "Error, missing operator or `;`\n" }}}{PARA 0 "" 0 " " {TEXT -1 254 "You are supposed to enclose the argument of the cosine function (and of any function, for that matter) in parentheses. To c orrect the mistake, just move the cursor back into the previous comman d line (by clicking on the desired cursor position), change " } {XPPEDIT 18 0 "cos x" "6#*&%$cosG\"\"\"%\"xGF%" }{TEXT -1 4 " to " } {XPPEDIT 18 0 "cos(x)" "6#-%$cosG6#%\"xG" }{TEXT -1 72 ", and re-execu te the command by hitting Return. If you erroneously typed" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 13 "diff (cosx,x);" }{TEXT -1 87 " (without a space), Maple would not complain \+ but, even worse, produce a \"wrong\" answer:" }{MPLTEXT 1 0 0 "" } {TEXT -1 1 " " }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#\"\"!" }}}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 51 " (Try it!) The explanation is that Maple thinks of \+ " }{XPPEDIT 18 0 "cosx" "6#%%cosxG" }{TEXT -1 60 " as a (strangely nam ed) constant rather than a function of " }{XPPEDIT 18 0 "x" "6#%\"xG " }{TEXT -1 207 ".\n\nJust like you can correct a mistyped or erroneou s command without having to retype it from scratch, you can edit and r e-execute any command that you previously entered. For example, to gen erate a plot of " }{XPPEDIT 18 0 "cos(x)" "6#-%$cosG6#%\"xG" }{TEXT -1 73 ", just move the cursor back to the command that you used earlie r to plot " }{XPPEDIT 18 0 "sin(x)" "6#-%$sinG6#%\"xG" }{TEXT -1 9 ", \+ change " }{XPPEDIT 18 0 "sin" "6#%$sinG" }{TEXT -1 4 " to " }{XPPEDIT 18 0 "cos" "6#%$cosG" }{TEXT -1 17 ", and hit Return." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 612 "\nIt is also possible (and often convenient) to copy \+ a previous command (or parts of it) to a new command line (and then ed it it, as needed). For practice, let's copy the last plot command: Hig hlight the command (by dragging the cursor along the text to be copied while holding down the left mouse button), then move the cursor to a \+ new command line, click the left mouse button to position the cursor, \+ and then the middle mouse button to copy the text. (Alternatively, you could have selected \"Copy\" and \"Paste\" from the \"Edit\" menu at \+ the top of the main Maple window, or Ctrl-C for copy and Ctrl-V for pa ste). " }}{PARA 4 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 8 "5. Help." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 274 "Detailed information on the syntax and usage of all Mapl e commands is available through the \"Help\" menu at the top of the ma in Maple window. (Check out how it works.) The help page for a specifi c command can also be accessed directly from a command line. Enter, fo r example," }}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 6 "?plot;" }{TEXT -1 82 " and Maple will display the help page for the plot command (in \+ a separate window)." }{MPLTEXT 1 0 0 "" }}}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 408 "Specific examples for the proper usage of a command are usually f ound at the bottom of the relevant help page. You can copy these examp les into your worksheet and execute them to see what they cause Maple \+ to do (but don't worry about the details for now). If you don't need i t any more, close the help window (by clicking on the button in its up per-left corner and selecting \"Close\" from the pull-down menu)." }} {PARA 4 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 40 "6. Loading and Saving Maple Worksheets. " }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 877 "You can save your current Maple work sheet at any time by selecting \"Save As\" from the \"File\" menu at t he top of the main Maple window. Do this now. A dialog box will pop up , displaying a list of the directories under your home directory and a list of previously saved Maple files (if you have any) in the curren t directory. When you do this for the first time (and depending on the system you are on) the current directory may not be your home directo ry. If the current directory is not your home directory (or a subdirec tory under it) you must first change directories. On a Windows PC pull the \"Drives\" menu at the bottom of the dialog box (by clicking on t he arrow) and select h:\\\\labserv2\\homes. This will put you in your \+ home directory and allow you to save your worksheet. On a Sun or using X-Win32 navigate through the file system untill you get to your home \+ directory." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 97 "Type a filename of your choice into the box in the upper-left c orner of the dialog box, changing " }{TEXT 278 6 "*.mws " }{TEXT 279 18 "to something like " }{TEXT 280 12 "session1.mws" }{TEXT 281 43 " ( for convenience the name should end with " }{TEXT 282 4 ".mws" }{TEXT 283 109 "). Then click on \"OK\". This action will save your worksheet , under the chosen name, in the current directory." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT 284 1290 "Now make some changes \+ in the worksheet; for example, type and execute a new command. To save the updated version of the worksheet under the same name as before, j ust select \"Save\" from the \"File\" menu. This will cause the old fi le to be overwritten. If you want to keep the old file and save the ne w version under a different name, select \"Save As\" and proceed as be fore.\n\nOnce saved, a worksheet can be reloaded at any later time. Tr y the following: Save your current worksheet and then close it by sele cting \"Close\" from the \"File\" menu. One of the items on the \"File \" menu should now be the name of the worksheet that you just saved an d closed. Select that item, and Maple will reopen the worksheet. To l oad a file that does not appear directly on the \"File\" menu, select \+ \"Open\"; this will bring up a dialog box. Select the name of the file to be loaded from the list in the dialog box (or type the name direct ly into the appropriate box), then load the file by clicking on \"OK\" .\n\nSeveral worksheets can be open at the same time, but only the one on top of the stack will be active. To open a fresh worksheet, select \"New\" from the \"File\" menu. Do this now and execute a few command s (just like those in your first worksheet). Then save the new workshe et under a new name (for example, " }{TEXT 286 15 "session2.mws). " }} {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT 285 414 "You can now switch back and forth between your worksheets and edit, save, clo se, and reopen them as desired.\n\nNote: Save your worksheets repeated ly while you are changing them. Or set the \"AutoSave\" (look under th e \"File\" menu) else, you could easily lose a lot of work if the syst em becomes corrupt (which is unlikely, but possible). Or if Maple cras hes \"dumps core\" which I have succeeded in doing several times." }} {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 1052 "If the \+ top worksheet fills up the entire Maple window, you will not be able t o see any other worksheets underneath. However, you can reduce the siz e of all open worksheets and cascade them in such a way that at least \+ the title bars are all visible. To do this, select the \"Cascade\" opt ion from the \"Window\" menu. Still, only the top worksheet is active, but you can now activate any of the open worksheets by clicking on an y visible part of its window.\n\nA reduced-size worksheet can be moved around by clicking on its title bar and dragging the mouse while hold ing down the left mouse button. And the height and/or width of any red uced-size worksheet can be changed individually by clicking on one of \+ its edges or corners and dragging the mouse while holding down the lef t mouse button.\n\nThere are three buttons in the upper right corner o f each window. Clicking on the right button will close the window; cli cking on the middle button will switch from reduced size to maximum si ze or vice versa; clicking on on the left button will iconize the wind ow." }}{PARA 4 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 30 "7. Printing Maple Worksheets." }} {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 1025 "To print a hardcopy of the currently ac tive worksheet, select \"Print\" from the \"File\" menu. A dialog box \+ will pop up. By default, the print job will be routed to a laser print er located in 256 PKH (assuming that you are working in one of the Par ker Hall labs). Just click on \"OK\" to make this happen. There is als o a \"Print Preview\" option on the \"File\" menu that allows you to p review the page layout of a worksheet or plot before printing.\n\nWARN ING: Begining DUC will charge you five cents per printed page, to be b illed to your account at the bursar's office. But even if money is no \+ object, you should avoid excessive printing. Save a tree! If at all po ssible, print only the final versions of your worksheets, graphs, and \+ so forth. It may also save a lot of paper if you \"demagnify\" your w orksheets before printing them. To magnify or demagnify a worksheet, s elect a suitable \"Zoom Factor\" from the \"View\" menu on the menu ba r at the top of the main Maple window. Unfortunately, this may sometim es lead to print errors." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 " " 0 "" {TEXT -1 288 "On the Sun or PC with X-Win32. To print a hardcop y of the currently active worksheet, select \"Print\" from the \"File \" menu. A dialog box will pop up, providing you with various print op tions. By default, the worksheet will be written to a Postscript file \+ of the same name, but ending with " }{TEXT 287 4 ".ps " }{TEXT -1 13 " (instead of ." }{TEXT 288 3 "mws" }{TEXT -1 157 "). Just click on the \+ \"Print\" button to make this happen. Of course, you can change the na me of the output file, but for convenience it should always end with" }{TEXT 289 7 " .ps.\n\n" }{TEXT 290 117 "Once saved as a Postscript fi le, the worksheet can be printed on a laser printer. For example, to p rint a file named " }{TEXT 292 11 "session1.ps" }{TEXT 291 34 ", go in to a Terminal window, type\n" }{TEXT 293 15 "lp session1.ps\n" }{TEXT 294 410 " and hit Return. This causes the file to be sent to your defa ult printer. (It may be the printer in the basement of Parker Hall, as suming that you are working in the Parker Hall lab. The printout can b e picked up at the window across the hall from Parker 100; an attenda nt is supposed to be present 24 hours a day, theoretically.)\n\nYou ca n print several Postcript files simultaneously by typing, for example, \n" }{TEXT 295 38 "lp session1.ps session2.ps session3.ps" }}{PARA 0 " " 0 "" {TEXT 298 3 "or\n" }{TEXT 297 15 "lp session*.ps\n" }{TEXT 296 85 " The last command will print all the files in your current directo ry that begin with " }{TEXT 299 8 "session " }{TEXT 300 12 "and end wi th" }{TEXT 301 6 " .ps.\n" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT 302 276 "It is poss ible to print hardcopies of a worksheet directly, without first creati ng a Postscript file, but I don't recommend this. Anyway, save some t rees --- avoid excessive printing! If at all possible, print only the \+ final versions of your worksheets, graphs, and so forth." }}{PARA 0 " " 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 178 "You can preview y our Postscript file, and the way the printed version will look by find ing the Postscript file in your File Manager and opening it by double \+ clicking on its icon." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT 303 257 "You should be aware that Postcript files use up rela tively large amounts of disk space; they should be discarded after the hardcopies have been successfully printed. (There's no need to keep P ostcript files for long --- they are easy to recreate from their " } {TEXT 305 5 ".mws " }{TEXT 304 106 "source files, using the \"Print\" \+ menu. Of course you should keep the source files!) To remove a file n amed" }{TEXT 306 14 " session1.ps f" }{TEXT 307 57 "rom your computer' s disk, go into a Terminal window, type" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT 308 15 "rm session1.ps\n" }{TEXT 309 95 "and hit Return. The system may as k you whether you really want to remove the file. If so, type" }} {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT 310 1 "y" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT 311 125 "(for \+ \"yes\") and hit Return. You can remove several files (Postscript or o ther) simultaneously, using the same syntax as with " }{TEXT 312 6 "th e lp" }{TEXT 313 77 " command. Be careful, files removed are gone fore ver and cannot be retrieved." }}{PARA 4 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 19 "8. Printi ng Graphs." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 1424 "Frequently, you may want \+ to print a hardcopy of a single graph rather than the entire worksheet that contains it. To do so, go to the \"Options\" menu at the top of \+ the main Maple window and select \"Plot Display\" and \"Window\". Thi s action has no immediate effect, but if you now re-execute one of the plot commands in your current worksheet, or type and execute a new on e, the graph will appear in a small separate plot window (you may want to enlarge it). In fact, all subsequent plots will appear in separate windows, unless you go back to the \"Options\" menu and select \"Plot Display\" and \"Inline\", which would cause subsequent plots to be em bedded in the worksheet again.\n\nTo print a hardcopy of a graph displ ayed in a plot window, proceed in exactly the same way as if printing \+ a worksheet: Activate the plot window and select \"Print\" from the \" File\" menu, causing the usual print dialog box to come up.You may als o want to change the page layout: Most graphs look better in \"Landsca pe\" than in \"Portrait\" format. You can select either one by choosin g \"Print Setup\" from the \"File\" menu and clicking on the appropria te button (the default is \"Portrait\"). To suppress the page number, \+ which would normally appear at the bottom of the hardcopy, deselect th e option \"Number Pages\". There is also a \"Print Preview\" option o n the \"File\" menu that allows you to preview the page layout of a wo rksheet or plot before printing.\n" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 123 "On the Sun or PC with X-Win32. If you just click on the \"Print\" button , the graph will be saved as a Postscript file named " }{TEXT 314 18 " untitled-plot.ps. " }{TEXT -1 49 "You should change the filename to so mething like " }{TEXT 315 10 "plot1.ps. " }{TEXT -1 454 "You may also \+ want to change the page layout: Most graphs look better in \"Landscape \" than in \"Portrait\" format. You can select either one by clicking \+ on the appropriate button (the default is \"Portrait\"). To suppress t he page number, which would normally appear at the bottom of the hardc opy, deselect the option \"Number Pages\". Finally, click on the \"Pri nt\" button to create a Postscript file and send it to the laser print er in the usual way, using the " }{TEXT 316 3 "lp " }{TEXT -1 297 "com mand (in a Terminal window).\n\nNote: After you clicked on the \"Print \" button, the graph may have disappeared from the plot window. If so, just click on the button in the upper-left corner of the plot window' s title bar and select \"Refresh\" from the pull-down menu. This shoul d restore the graph." }}{PARA 4 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 23 " 9. Customizing G raphs." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 1258 "By default, the graphs that M aple embeds in a worksheet are fairly small. You can change that by en larging the worksheet (and if necessary, the main Maple window). Enla rging the worksheet will increase the size of all subsequently generat ed graphs, but won't affect the type size used for other Maple output \+ and commands.\n\nIt is also possible to change the appearance of an i ndividual graph in a worksheet. To do so, click on the graph; this wil l create a bounding box, and a \"Style\" button will appear in the men u bar at the top of the main Maple window. You can resize the graph b y dragging one of the dots on the bounding box. Moreover, you can chan ge the style in which the graph is drawn by selecting \"Line\" or \"Po int\" from the \"Style\" menu. If you selected \"Line\", you can chang e the \"Line Style\" (solid or dashed) and the \"Line Width\" (thin or thick). If you selected \"Point\", you can change the \"Symbol\" (dot , cross, circle, and so forth). There are also several options regardi ng the style of the coordinate axes; those can be selected from the \" Axes\" menu.\n\nThe \"Style\" and \"Axes\" menus are also available wh en a graph is displayed in a separate plot window (and of course, you \+ can resize a plot window just like any other window on the screen)." } }{PARA 4 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 43 "10. Turning Your Worksheet Into a Docume nt." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 174 "Maple features a built-in text e ditor. To enter text (such as commentary or remarks) into a worksheet, place the cursor at the beginning of a command line, in front of the " }{TEXT 317 1 ">" }{TEXT -1 1233 ", go to the \"Insert\" menu, and s elect \"Paragraph\" and \"Before\" or \"After\". This will insert a bl ank line, in which you can type plain text, before or after the comman d line containing the cursor. The text you type will wrap around autom atically when you reach the end of the line, but you can also force a \+ line feed by hitting Return. (Incidentally, to force a line feed in a \+ command line, you have to press the Shift and Return keys simultaneo usly --- just hitting Return would cause execution of the command ra ther than a line feed.)\n\nIn text mode, three special pull-down menus and several extra buttons appear in the context bar (the lowest bar a t the top of the main Maple window). You can select from a variety of \+ text styles, font styles, and font sizes, choose bold-face or italic f onts, underline text, and switch between left-justified, centered, and right-justified text. The default text style is \"Normal\". Other ava ilable styles are \"Title\"and \"Author\"; if selected (from the left- most pull-down menu in the context bar), they cause whatever text you \+ enter to appear centered and in a special style suitable for the \"top matter\" of a document.\n\nWhen you are typing text and come across a math formula, click on the \"" }{TEXT 318 1 "S" }{TEXT -1 366 "\" but ton in the tool bar at the top of the main Maple window. Then type th e formula just like you would type the corresponding Maple command. W hen finished, switch back to text mode by clicking on the \"T\" button in the tool bar.\n\nFor practice, insert the following heading and te xt at the beginning of your current worksheet (see below for detailed \+ instructions):\n" }}{PARA 18 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 23 "An Interesting Funct ion" }}{PARA 19 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 16 "by Whoever I. Am" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 37 "In this paper we will \+ determine the " }{TEXT 325 10 "derivative" }{TEXT -1 9 " and an " } {TEXT 326 14 "antiderivative" }{TEXT -1 17 " of the function " } {XPPEDIT 18 0 "y=exp(-x^2)" "6#/%\"yG-%$expG6#,$*$%\"xG\"\"#!\"\"" } {TEXT -1 19 " and then plot its " }{TEXT 327 5 "graph" }{TEXT -1 172 " .\n\nInsert a paragraph as described above, using the \"Insert\" menu; select the text style \"Title\" and type the heading; hit Return, sel ect the text style \"Author\", and type " }{TEXT 328 17 "\"by Whoever \+ I. Am" }{TEXT -1 117 "\"; hit Return, select the text style \"Normal\" , and type the first part of the sentence, up to the formula; click on \"" }{TEXT 319 1 "S" }{TEXT -1 11 "\" and type " }{TEXT 320 11 "y=exp (-x^2)" }{TEXT -1 97 " click on \"T\", and type the rest of the senten ce; highlight the word \"derivative\" and click on \" " }{TEXT 321 1 " B" }{TEXT -1 53 "\"; highlight the word \"antiderivative\" and click \+ on " }{TEXT 322 2 "\"I" }{TEXT -1 43 "\"; highlight the word \"graph\" and click on " }{TEXT 323 2 "\"u" }{TEXT -1 142 "\". You can toggle t he math input mode between \"Standard math\" and \"Maple notation\", e xecutable and nonexecutable by using the x and Maple leaf" }}{PARA 0 " " 0 "" {TEXT -1 39 "buttons on the left of the context bar." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 294 "Just as you ca n insert paragraphs of text anywhere in a worksheet, you can insert ne w command lines by placing the cursor in the desired position, going t o the \"Insert\" menu, and selecting \"Execution Group\" and \"Before \+ Cursor\" or \"After Cursor\". As a shortcut for the latter, just click on the " }{TEXT 324 3 "\"[>" }{TEXT -1 167 "\" button in the tool bar . For practice, insert one or more new command lines after the heading and text you just entered; then type and execute the following comman ds:" }}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 51 "y:=exp(-x^2); diff(y, x); int(y,x); plot(y,x=-5..5);" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#>%\" yG-%$expG6#,$*$)%\"xG\"\"#\"\"\"!\"\"" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#,$*&%\"xG\"\"\"-%$expG6#,$*$)F%\"\"#F&!\"\"F&!\"#" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {XPPMATH 20 "6#,$*&-%%sqrtG6#%#PiG\"\"\"-%$erfG6#%\"xGF)#F)\"\"#" } }{PARA 13 "" 1 "" {GLPLOT2D 297 297 297 {PLOTDATA 2 "6%-%'CURVESG6$7ho 7$$!\"&\"\"!$\"3E-k\\'Q%z)Q\"!#G7$$!3YLLLe%G?y%!#<$\"3wGW1A.Br6!#F7$$! 3OmmT&esBf%F1$\"3&>pPf_PF1$\"338,Ha=0hwFK7$$!3K++vo1YZNF1$\"3wOl#4tmZU$!#B7$$!3;LL3-OJNL F1$\"3[Pr#>@F\\Z\"!#A7$$!3p***\\P*o%Q7$F1$\"3K?*y(4h\"***H'Fao7$$!3u*** **\\n\\!*\\#F1$\"3Ca(Hg+Z'R>!#?7$$!3%)*****\\ixCG#F1$\"3oHv))))**GjaF \\p7$$!3#******\\KqP2#F1$\"3mZ\\vhf9c8!#>7$$!3am;a8s+z>F1$\"3)HK`3lE6* >Fgp7$$!39LL3-TC%)=F1$\"3?7f6!#=7$$!37L$3FMEpN\"F1$\"3]x`z6<>'e\"Far7$$!3#****\\(=t)eC\"F1$\" 3`*4Zj%3u<@Far7$$!3OL$3x'*)fZ6F1$\"3e4o&[hB%zEFar7$$!3!ommmh5$\\5F1$\" 3q?FC8$3_K$Far7$$!3tIL3xrs9%*Far$\"3N.t^+y[@TFar7$$!3S$***\\(=[jL)Far$ \"3A()eDT*35*\\Far7$$!3q%****\\Pw%4tFar$\"37hm)\\;&)3'eFar7$$!3)f***\\ iXg#G'Far$\"3`B;VbiuQnFar7$$!3$oK$3_:<6_Far$\"32$3$yf>(=i(Far7$$!3ndmm T&Q(RTFar$\"3v9yM171D%)Far7$$!3Ihm\"HdGe:$Far$\"3iC%*y$yh?0*Far7$$!3% \\mmTg=><#Far$\"3x#)zc%=I#R&*Far7$$!3FK$3Fpy7k\"Far$\"3=XU!>L;Ut*Far7$ $!3g***\\7yQ16\"Far$\"3e>@>:eSx)*Far7$$!3iK$3_D)=`%)Fgp$\"3Xel5-$)zG** Far7$$!3Epm\"zp))**z&Fgp$\"37]#\\(\\mTm**Far7$$!3#f+D19*yYJFgp$\"3g)*e C>E5!***Far7$$!3vDMLLe*e$\\F\\p$\"3c'*4Hsjv****Far7$$\"3+l;a)3RBE#Fgp$ \"3e2CTJJ)[***Far7$$\"3bsmTgxE=]Fgp$\"3i%o'Gr'[[(**Far7$$\"37!o\"HKk>u xFgp$\"3WcA#39W(R**Far7$$\"3womT5D,`5Far$\"3OW7Fd*G(*))*Far7$$\"3Gq;zW #)>/;Far$\"3#=AIM!z$fu*Far7$$\"3!=nm\"zRQb@Far$\"3iicY2%Far$\"3#R[=*f([-Z)Far7$$ \"36QLe*[K56&Far$\"37w\"ozYk5q(Far7$$\"3summ\"zXu9'Far$\"3SI2e!f:H&oFa r7$$\"3#yLLe9i\"=sFar$\"35l8l$\\_\"RfFar7$$\"3#4+++]y))G)Far$\"3#zK4n` `0.&Far7$$\"3%>++DcljL*Far$\"3?l%*=YY\\#=%Far7$$\"3H++]i_QQ5F1$\"3l9\" G8&R#>S$Far7$$\"3U+](=-N(R6F1$\"38/teTd0GFFar7$$\"3b++D\"y%3T7F1$\"3R9 iMDj=V@Far7$$\"3G+]P4kh`8F1$\"3n\"p4?g'[+;Far7$$\"3+++]P![hY\"F1$\"35] ch\"=>`;\"Far7$$\"3KmmT5FEn:F1$\"3IRG$*>#e]d)Fgp7$$\"3iKLL$Qx$o;F1$\"3 u(pF1$\"3cD+Yh@lm>Fgp7$$\"3?mm\"zpe*z?F1$ \"3p>5_#oIF\\p7$$\"3s++D1#=bq#F1$\"3s*prp1cFi'Fao7$$\"3\"HLL $3s?6HF1$\"3)e$[Zoh#f3#Fao7$$\"3a***\\7`Wl7$F1$\"3e@;&ffSRo&Ffn7$$\"3e nmmm*RRL$F1$\"3K9XK$G,&)[\"Ffn7$$\"3%zmmTvJga$F1$\"3Sq&=?nc'fMFV7$$\"3 ]MLe9tOcPF1$\"33Lgf]z\"pW(FK7$$\"31,++]Qk\\RF1$\"3%=\\lY&QNz;FK7$$\"3! [LL3dg6<%F1$\"3!zMn([_-zFFE7$$\"3%ymmmw(GpVF1$\"3&\\lv;;7r6&F?7$$\"3C+ +D\"oK0e%F1$\"30lK<\\c%es(F47$$\"35,+v=5s#y%F1$\"3)Q@eo`(\\j6F47$$\"\" &F*F+-%'COLOURG6&%$RGBG$\"#5!\"\"$F*F*F_dl-%+AXESLABELSG6$Q\"x6\"Q!6\" -%%VIEWG6$;F(Ffcl%(DEFAULTG" 1 2 0 1 10 0 2 9 1 4 1 1.000000 45.000000 45.000000 0 0 "Curve 1" }}}}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 282 "An y part of a worksheet can be deleted by highlighting it and clicking o n the button with the scissors in the tool bar or by selecting \"Cut\" from the \"Edit\" menu. Of course, there are also buttons and menu it ems for \"Copy\" and \"Paste\" operations and various other editing fu nctions." }}{PARA 4 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 43 "11. Interrupting, Restarting, and Quitting." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 187 "To abort a Maple proc edure that seems to be taking too much time, click on the button with \+ the stop sign in the tool bar of the main Maple window. To clear Mapl e's internal memory, type" }}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 8 " restart;" }{TEXT -1 54 " (followed by a colon or semicolon) in a comma nd line;" }{MPLTEXT 1 0 0 "" }}}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 122 "this wil l not affect the appearance of your worksheet but cause Maple's comput ing engine to restart \"with a clean slate\".\n" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 302 "To close a worksheet, plot window, or help window, selec t \"Close\" from the \"File\" menu of the main Maple window (or from \+ the menu under the button in the upper-left corner of the window to be closed's title bar). To quit Maple altogether, select \"Exit\" from \+ the \"File\" menu of the main Maple window." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 194 "To log out of your computer (P C), click on the \"user-logged in\" icon at the bottom left of the scr een (next to the \"Start\" icon) and then on the \"Yes\" button in the dialog box that will pop up.\n" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 174 "To lo g out of your workstation (Sun), click on the \"Exit\" button at the b ottom of the screen in the main window's tool bar and select \"OK\" in the dialog box that will pop up." }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }} {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 13 "To find out " }{HYPERLNK 17 "More on Map le." 1 "more.mws" "" }}}{MARK "101 0" 92 }{VIEWOPTS 1 1 0 1 1 1803 1 1 1 1 }{PAGENUMBERS 0 1 2 33 1 1 }