Urinary Tract Obstruction:Common Causes (page 402)

Obstructions of Ureter, Bladder Outlet or Urethra caused by:

• Structural malformations (Table 16-16)

• Inflammation and Trauma

• Tumor/Cancer of renal and neighboring structures

• Blood clots

• Pregnancy

• Neuropathy/Spinal Cord Disease

• Renal stones

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