Liocranoides gertschi LR

Notes: Holotype from Lawrence County. Reported from the northern half of the state in caves and epigean habitats in Bibb, Blount, Calhoun, DeKalb, Jefferson, Lauderdale, Madison and Marshall counties. The Limestone and Morgan county records noted by Peck (1989)for L. unicolor may be this species but could be specimens of L. archeri.

Ref.: Peck 1989, Platnick 1999.

TETRAGNATHIDAE

Azilia affinis LR

Synonyms: Azilia vagepicta, A. mexicana.

Notes: Has been collected in caves, mesic ravines and other dark, moist habitats. Recorded from southern and from northeastern Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1980.

Dolichognatha pentagona LR, PC

Synonyms: Epeira pentagona, Nicholasia pentagona.

Notes: Type specimens (E. pentagona) from Alabama (destroyed). This southeastern species is recorded throughout Alabama. I have found it to be common between the buttresses at the bases of bottomland trees.

Ref.: Levi 1981.

Glenognatha foxi LR

Synonyms: Theridium foxi, Mysmena bulbifera, Glenognatha bulbifera, Diplocephalus crumbi, Mimognatha foxi.

Notes: Occurs in a variety of habitats, throughout eastern and southwestern U.S. Recorded from central Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1980.

Leucauge venusta LR, PC

Synonyms: Epeira venusta, E. hortorum, Argyroepeira hortorum, A. venusta,

Notes: Occurs throughout the eastern U.S., primarily in wooded habitats.

Ref.: Levi 1980.

Meta americana LR

Notes: This species is known from eastern North America, mainly east of the Mississippi River. It occurs as far south as northern Alabama, Georgia and Arkansas.

Ref.: Marusik and Koponen 1992.

Meta menardi LR

Synonym: Aranea menardii.

Notes: Recorded from extreme northern portion of state. Collected in caves, old mines and wells, dark ravines, under overhanging rocks, and sometimes in cool cellars. Alabama records include Dekalb, Jackson, Lawrence, Limestone, Madison, Marshall, and Morgan counties.

Ref.: Levi 1980, Peck 1989.

Common name: golden silk spider

Synonyms: Aranea clavipes, A. longimana, Nephila wilderi, N. wistariana, N. concolor, N. thomensis.

Notes: Occurs in a variety of mesic and humid habitats in the southern third of the state. It has expanded its range northward rapidly in the last decade.

Ref.: Levi 1980.

Pachygnatha furcillata GL

Notes: Recorded from much of the eastern U.S. including Florida and North Carolina. It probably occurs in Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1980.

Pachygnatha tristriata GL

Notes: Recorded from much of the eastern U.S. including Florida, Louisiana, North Carolina and Tennessee. It is probably present in Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1980.

Tetragnatha branda GL

Notes: This species is known from Georgia, Florida and Mississippi, where it is recorded (dot map) very near the Alabama border (near Mobile Co.). It is considered likely to occur in Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1981

Tetragnatha caudata LR

Notes: This species has been recorded (dot map) from southwestern and near southeastern areas of Alabama. It has been collected from bogs, marshes, near canals, swamp grass, lakeshores, ponds, and the Everglades.

Ref.: Levi 1981.

Tetragnatha elongata LR

Synonym: Tetragnatha grallator.

Notes: Syntypes (T. grallator) from Alabama (destroyed). This species occurs primarily in eastern North America, but also rarely in western states. Alabama records include Tuscaloosa, St. Clair and Jefferson counties.

Ref.: Levi 1981. Seely 1928.

Tetragnatha extensa LR

Notes: This species has been collected in Auburn, Lee Co., Alabama.

Ref.: Seeley 1928

Tetragnatha guatemalensis LR

Synonym: Tetragnatha banksi.

Notes: Dot map records from north central Alabama and from Florida near the southeastern corner of Ala. Usually collected from vegetation near water.

Ref.: Levi 1981.

Tetragnatha laboriosa LR

Notes: This species occurs throughout the U.S. and is recorded (dot map) from northeast, central and southwest Alabama. It has been collected from a variety of field habitats.

Ref.: Levi 1981.

Tetragnatha pallescens LR

Notes: This species ranges over the eastern half of the U.S. and is recorded (dot map) for west central and southeastern Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1981.

Tetragnatha straminea LR

Notes: This species occurs in the eastern U.S. and has been recorded (dot map) from the northeastern part of Alabama. It has been collected in bogs, bottomland forest and swamp foliage.

Ref.: Levi 1981.

Tetragnatha versicolor LR

Synonyms: Tetragnatha limnocharis, T. marianna.

Notes: Male holotype (T. marianna) from Randon's Creek, Monroe co., Alabama. This species occurs from Alaska to Nicaragua and Cuba. In Alabama, records (dot map) exist for southern and north central portions of the state. It has been collected from a variety of wooded habitats and from vegetation near water.

Ref.: Levi 1981.

Tetragnatha viridis

Notes: This species is usually collected in pines and other conifers. Alabama records (dot map) exist for the central portion of the state and in Florida near the southeastern corner of Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1981.

THERIDIIDAE

Achaearanea conjuncta GL

Notes: This species occurs in Mississippi, Georgia and North Carolina. It is likely to occur in Alabama. (Dot map only.)

Ref.: 1963b.

Achaearanea globosa LR

Synonym: Theridion globosum.

Notes: Types (T. globosum) from Alabama (lost). This species occurs in the eastern U.S. and Mexico. Alabama records (dot map) for southeast, southwest and west central portions of the state.

Ref.: Levi 1963b.

Achaearanea porteri LR

Notes: Distribution, eastern U.S., West Indies to Panama. A record (dot map) exists for northwest Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1963b.

Achaearanea rupicola LR

Notes: Distribution, eastern U.S. Several records exist for northern Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1963b.

Achaearanea serenoae LR

Notes: This southeastern species has been recorded for southwestern Alabama. (dot map only.)

Ref.: Levi 1963b.

Achaearanea tepidariorum LR, PC

Common name: house spider

Notes: This cosmopolitan species is probably native to South America. It is very common in houses and has been recorded for Baldwin, Calhoun, Dallas, Lee, Madison, Mobile, Morgan, Sumter, Tallapoosa, and Tuscaloosa counties in Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1963b.

Anelosimus studiosus LR

Synonym: Theridion studiosum.

Notes: Types (T. studiosum) from Alabama (lost). This species ranges from the eastern U.S. south into South America. It is known from Baldwin, Mobile and Tuscaloosa counties. the state.

Ref.: Levi 1957a, Agnarsson 2006.

Anelosimus tetrix GL

Notes: Known from northeastern states south to Florida and west to Texas, this species is likely to occur in Alabama.

Ref.: Kaston 1978.

Argyrodes elevatus LR

Synonym: Linyphia argyrodes.

Notes: This species ranges from the southern U.S. to Peru, Argentina and the Galapagos Islands. In Alabama, it is known from Baldwin, Houston, Mobile, Montgomery, and Tuscaloosa counties.

Ref.: Exline and Levi 1962.

Argyrodes nephilae LR, PC

Synonym: Conopistha nephilae.

Notes: This species was reported from Baldwin, Cherokee, Chilton, Covington, Dale, Hale, Houston, Lawrence, Lee, Madison, Mobile, Montgomery, and Tuscaloosa counties by Archer, but he apparently misidentified the specimens since Exline and Levi showed records only in peninsular Florida.

Ref.: Archer 1946, Exline and Levi 1962.

Chrysso albomaculata LR

Synonym: Chrysso davisi.

Notes: The distribution of this species is described as southeastern U.S., Mexico, West Indies, South America to Brazil. It was recorded by Archer (1946) for Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957e, 1963d.

Coleosoma acutiventer LR

Synonyms: Argyrodes floridana, Achaea index.

Notes: the range of this species is the southeastern U.S. to South America. It has been recorded from Silver Hill, Baldwin Co., and a number of other sites (dot map) in the southern half of Alabama. It has been collected from a variety of habitats including leaves from woods and walls of out buildings.

Ref.: Levi 1959b.

Coleosoma floridanum LR

Synonym: Theridion interruptum.

Notes: This is a cosmotropical species, probably distributed by humans. It may be native in America where it ranges from the southeastern U.S. south into the West Indies and Central and South America. It has been recorded from southern Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1959b.

Crustulina altera LR

Notes: This species has been reported from Baldwin, Cullman, Houston, Lawrence, Macon, Madison, Mobile, and Morgan counties in Alabama. The webs have been found in curled leaves in leaf litter of live-oak, beech-maple, beech-magnolia, oak-hickory and oak-pine woods.

Ref.: Archer 1946.

Dipoena abdita LR

Notes: This species occurs from the Gulf states to California and south into Mexico. It has been recorded (dot map) from southwestern Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1963a.

Dipoena alta LR

Synonym: Dipoena lineatipes.

Notes: This species occurs in Florida, Alabama, Texas and Central and South America. It has been collected from shrubs and trees.

Ref.: Levi 1963a.

Dipoena appalachia GL

This southeastern species is known only from the male. The female may be confused with D. nigra. It has been recorded from northern and southern Mississippi, very close to the Alabama border. It is considered likely to occur in Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1963a.

Dipoena buccalis LR

Notes: This species ranges in the eastern and in the southwestern U.S. It has been recorded from southeastern Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1963a.

Dipoena dorsata GL

Notes: Only scattered localities are known for this species. In the U.S., it has been recorded from Maryland, Arizona and Florida (at a site very near the southeastern corner of Alabama). It is considered likely to occur in Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1963a.

Dipoena nigra LR

Notes: Distribution, southern Canada and all parts of the U.S. It has been recorded (dot map) from southwestern Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1963a.

Emertonella emertoni LR

Synonym: Euryopis emertoni

Notes: This species occurs from Massachusetts to Florida and Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1963a, Yoshida 2002.

Enoplognatha marmorata LR

Synonym: Theridion marmorata.

Notes: Types (T. marmorata) from Alabama (lost). Distribution in southern Canada and the U.S., with a record from north western Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957d.

Episinus amoenus LR

Notes: This southeastern species has been recorded from Cherokee, Baldwin, Clarke, Coosa, and Tuscaloosa counties in Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1955c.

Euryopis funebris LR

Synonym: Epeira limbata, Euryopis limbata.

Notes: This species occurs throughout the eastern U.S. and has been recorded from Coosa and Jackson counties.

Ref.: Levi 1963a.

Faiditus americanus LR

Synonym: Argyrodes americanus, Argyrodes trituberculatus.

Notes: This species ranges from the southeastern U.S. to Central and South America. It was recorded (dot map) from southwestern Alabama.

Ref.: Exline and Levi 1962, Agnarsson 2004.

Faiditus cancellatus LR

Synonyms: Argyrodes cancellatus, Conopistha partita, Theridion cancellatus.

Notes: Types (T. cancellatus) from Alabama (lost). This eastern U.S. species is known from Baldwin, DeKalb, Mobile, Tuscaloosa, and Winston counties in Alabama.

Ref.: Exline and Levi 1962, Agnarsson 2004.

Faiditus dracus LR

Synonym: Argyrodes dracus

Notes: This species is known primarily from South America, but a record exists for Houston Co., Alabama.

Ref.: Exline and Levi 1962.

Faiditus globosus LR

Synonym: Argyrodes globosus

Notes: This species ranges from the southeastern U.S. to Ecuador. In Alabama, it is known from Houston Co.

Ref.: Exline and Levi 1962.

Latrodectus geometricus PC

Notes: This species is called cosmotropical in the literature. It is known from Lee County.

Ref.: Kaston 1978.

Latrodectus mactans LR, PC

Common name: black widow

Synonyms: Latrodectus formidablis, Theridion verecundum, T. lineatum.

Notes: Types (T. verecundum, T. lineatum) from Alabama (lost). This species ranges throughout the U.S. Alabama records include Baldwin, Green, Houston, Lee, Sumter, and Tallapoosa counties. Several varieties have been named. All can be considered dangerous. They are usually found under stones, pieces of wood or trash on the ground, around stumps, in holes in the ground, in cavities in banks, and around outbuildings.

Ref.: Chamberlin and Ivie 1935, Levi 1959a, McCrone and Levi 1964.

Latrodectus variolus GL

Common name: northern widow

Notes: This species occurs in southern Canada and south into the U.S. to northern Florida, Texas and southern California. Like L. mactans, it has a dangerous bite.

Ref.: McCrone and Levi 1964.

Neospintharus furcatus LR

Synonym: Argyrodes furcatus

Notes: This species occurs in the southeastern U.S. and south into Mexico. Alabama records exist for Baldwin, Mobile and Morgan counties.

Ref.: Exline and Levi 1962, Agnarsson 2004.

Neospintharus trigonum LR

Synonyms: Argyrodes trigonum, Conopistha rufa.

Notes: Distribution, southern Canada and eastern U.S. Alabama records exist for DeKalb, Hale, Morgan, Tuscaloosa, and Winston counties.

Ref.: Exline and Levi 1962, Agnarsson 2004.

Paratheridula quadrimaculata LR

Synonyms: Theridion arcadicum, Allotheridion arcadicum.

Notes: This species has been recorded from Pike Co. and Tuscaloosa Co. in Alabama, where it has been collected under loose rock and cardboard trash.

Ref.: Levi 1957c.

Pholcomma hirsuta GL

Notes: This species has been recorded from surrounding states (Mississippi, Tennessee, Georgia and Florida) and is considered likely to occur in Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957c.

Phoroncidia americana LR

Synonym: Oronota americana.

Notes: This species is distributed in the eastern U.S., eastern Canada, Cuba and Jamaica. Several records exist for Alabama, including Lawrence, Jefferson, Tuscaloosa, Monroe, Dale, Escambia, Mobile, and Baldwin counties.

Ref.: Levi 1955c, 1964b.

Rhomphaea fictilium LR

Synonyms: Argyrodes fictilium, Rhomphaea lacerta, Theridion fictilium, .

Notes: Type (T. fictilium) from Alabama (lost). This uncommon or perhaps unnoticed species is known from southern Canada to Panama. Records (dot map) exist for areas throughout Alabama.

Ref.: Exline and Levi 1962, Agnarsson 2004.

Spintharus flavidus LR

Notes: Types from Alabama (lost). This species is distributed from the eastern U.S. to Peru and northern Brazil. Alabama records include Madison, Cherokee, DeKalb, Jefferson, Hale, Escambia, Houston, Mobile and Baldwin counties.

Ref.: Levi 1955b, 1963b.

Steatoda americana LR

Synonym: Asagena americana.

Notes: This species is found in southern Canada, the U.S. and mexico. It has been recorded (dot map) from central Alabama. It has usually been collected from litter, under stones or logs, and in moss or other vegetation.

Ref.: Levi 1957b.

Steatoda borealis LR

Notes: This common inhabitant of buildings is found east of the Rocky Mountains in the U.S. It is known from Alabama but has only rarely been collected in the southern states in recent years. ("the last 50 years" - 1957).

Ref.: Levi 1957b.

Steatoda fulva LR

Notes: This species is widespread in the western and southern U.S. A record (dot map) exists for east central Alabama.

Ref.: Gertsch 1960, Levi 1957b..

Steatoda grossa LR

Synonym: Teutana grossa.

Notes: This is a cosmopolitan species that occurs primarily along the coast in the U.S. It has been recorded from Mobile Co. and (dot map) central Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957b, 1962a.

Steatoda quadrimaculata LR

Notes: This species occurs along the Gulf coast in the southeastern U.S. and Central America. It has been recorded from Baldwin Co., Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957b.

Steatoda triangulosa LR

Synonym: Teutana triangulosa.

Notes: This species occurs in Europe and the U.S. It is usually found in houses and is probably introduced in the U.S. It has been recorded (dot map) from all over Alabama, including Colbert and Tallapoosa counties.

Ref.: Levi 1957b.

Stemmops bicolor LR

Notes: This species has been recorded from Clark Co., Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1955c.

Theridion adamsoni LR

Synonyms: Chindellum magnificum, Theridion hobbsi.

Notes: This species occurs from Texas to florida in the U.S. It has been recorded from Montgomery, Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957d, 1963c.

Theridion alabamense LR

Synonyms: Theridion cinereum, Allotheridion alabamense.

Notes: This species of the eastern U.S. has been recorded (dot map) for central Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957d.

Theridion albidum LR

Synonym: Allotheridion albidum.

Notes: This species ranges in southeastern Canada and the eastern U.S. It has been recorded (dot map) from most of Alabama except for the extreme southern portion of the state.

Ref.: Levi 1957d.

Theridion antonii GL

Notes: This species has been recorded in Mississippi, Tennessee and Florida, including a record (dot map) very near the southeast corner of Alabama. It is considered likely to occur in Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957d.

Theridion australe LR

Synonym: Allotheridion australe.

Notes: This southeastern species has been recorded (dot map) from west central Alabama. It has been collected by sweeping dune grass.

Ref.: Levi 1957d.

Theridion crispulum LR

Synonyms: Allotheridion realisticum, Theridion intervallatum.

Notes: This species occurs in the eastern U.S. and Mexico. It has been recorded (dot map) from central Alabama and Baldwin Co.

Ref.: Levi 1957d, 1963c.

Theridion differens LR

Synonym: Allotheridion differens.

Notes: This species is usually collected on low vegetation. It occurs throughout much of southern Canada and the U.S. Several records (dot map) exist for Alabama and it probably occurs throughout the state.

Ref.: Levi 1957d.

Theridion dividuum LR

Synonym: Allotheridion dividuum.

Notes: Male holotype from Dale Co., Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957d.

Theridion dulcineum LR

Synonym: Allotheridion dulcineum.

Notes: This southeastern species has been recorded (dot map) from northwestern Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957d.

Theridion flavonotatum LR

Synonyms: Allotheridion flavonotatum, Theridion floridense.

Notes: This southeastern species occurs throughout Alabama. Its webs have been found under leaf surfaces.

Ref.: Levi 1957d.

Theridion frondeum LR

Synonym: Allotheridion frondeum.

Notes: this species is known primarily from north of Alabama in the eastern U.S., but records (dot map) exist for north western Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957d.

Theridion glaucescens LR

Synonym: Allotheridion glaucescens.

Notes: Usually collected on shrubs and trees, this species has been recorded from throughout Alabama and much of the eastern half of the U.S.

Ref.: Levi 1957d.

Theridion intritum LR

Synonyms: Allotheridion indianorum, Theridion indianorum.

Notes: This species is known from Alabama, Georgia and Florida. An Alabama record (dot map) exists for the southeast corner of the state. It has been collected by sweeping vegetation.

Ref.: Levi 1957d.

Theridion istokpoga GL

Notes: This species is known only from Florida, but a record (dot map) in the Florida panhandle is very close to the southeastern corner of Alabama. It is considered likely to occur in Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957d.

Theridion kentuckyense LR

Notes: This species has been reported from Wolf Den Cave, Colbert County, Alabama.

Ref.: Peck 1989.

Theridion lyricum LR

Synonyms: Theridion lyra, Allotheridion lyricum.

Notes: This species of the eastern U.S. as been recorded (dot map) from throughout Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957d.

Theridion murarium LR

Synonym: Allotheridion murarium.

Notes: This species ranges throughout the U.S. and has been reported (dot map) from central and southwestern Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957d.

Theridiion pennsylvanicum LR

Synonym: Allotheridion pennsylvanicum.

Notes: Scattered localities are known for this species throughout the eastern U.S. It has been recorded for central and east central Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957d.

Theridion pictipes LR

Synonym: Allotheridion pictipes.

Notes: This southeastern species has been recorded from north central and southern Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957d.

Theridula opulenta LR

Synonyms: Theridion sphaerulum, T. opulentum.

Notes: Types (T. sphaerulum) from Alabama (lost). This species has been reported from many sites throughout Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1954.

Thymoites expulsus LR

Synonyms: Paidisca expulsa, Theridiion expulsum.

Notes: This species is known from the southeastern U.S. and Mexico. It has been recorded (dot map) from central Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957d, 1964.

Thymoites marxi LR

Synonym: Paidisca marxi.

Notes: This species is known from the southeastern U.S. and Texas. It has been recorded (dot map) from throughout Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957d.

Thymoites pallida GL

Synonyms: Paidisca pallida, Tholocco pallida, T. edinburgensis.

Notes: Records exist for Georgia, Florida, Mississippi and Tennessee. This species is considered likely to occur in Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957d.

Thymoites unimaculata LR

Synonyms: Paidisca unimaculata, Theridion amputatum.

Notes: This eastern species is known from most of the state of Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957d.

Tidarren fordum LR

Synonym: Tidarren minor.

Notes: This species is often confused with T. sisyphoides. It also occurs in the southeastern states and has been recorded from Baldwin Co., Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957e.

Tidarren sisyphoides LR

Notes: This species is known from the southeastern U.S. and Central America. It has been recorded from Marion Co., Alabama.

Ref.: Levi 1957e.

THERIDIOSOMATIDAE

Parogulnius hypsigaster LR

Synonym: Trogloneta hypsigaster

Notes: This species was described by Archer from specimens collected in a swamp in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.

Ref.: Archer 1953, Gertsch 1960, Brignoli 1970.

Theridiosoma gemmosum LR, PC

Synonyms: Theridiosoma radiosum, T. argentatum.

Notes: Common and widespread in eastern North America, it is typical of old growth forests. It requires damp areas such as ravines, swamps, stream banks, wet cliff faces or lush undergrowth. Alabama records include Baldwin, Coosa, Conecuh, Jackson and Tuscaloosa counties.

Ref.: Bryant 1945, Coddington 1986.

Theridiosoma savannum GL

Synonym: Theridiosoma nelsoni.

Notes: Coddington indicated that this species occurs in the southeastern U.S. and that the name is valid, but provided no other specific information.

Ref.: Coddington 1986.

THOMISIDAE

Coriarachne versicolor LR

Notes: This species is distributed in the U.S. east of the Rocky Mountains and has been collected in Auburn and Mobile, Alabama.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939, Bowling and Sauer 1974.

Coriarachne floridana LR

Notes: This species is known from the southeastern states, including Lee and Shelby counties in Alabama.

Ref.: Bowling and Sauer 1974.

Coriarachne lenta GL

Notes: This species range includes the southeastern U.S. south to Florida and west to Texas.

Ref.: Kaston 1978.

Misumena vatia LR, PC

Common name: flower spider

Synonym: M. calycina.

Notes: This widespread species has been reported from Auburn and Orange Beach, Alabama.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939.

Misumenoides formosipes LR

Synonym: M. aleatorius.

Notes: This species is distributed in the U.S. east of Rocky Mountains. It has been collected at "Auburn, Chicksaw, and Greene, Alabama."

Ref.: Gertsch 1939.

Misumenops asperatus LR

Synonyms: Thomisus asperatus, Misumena rosea.

Notes: Types (T. asperatus) from Alabama (lost). This species occurs in the U.S. and Canada. Alabama records include "Morgan" and Orange Beach.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939.

Misumenops celer LR

Synonyms: Misumenops alabamensis, M. georgiana.

Notes: Occurs throughout the U.S. and has been recorded from Mobile, Salina, Cowarts, Thomasville, Pickett Springs and Montgomery, Alabama.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939.

Misumenops oblongus LR

Synonym: Misumena oblongus.

Notes: Occurs throughout the U.S. and has been recorded from Auburn and Mobile.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939.

Ozyptila modesta GL

Synonym: Xysticus modestus.

Notes: This species occurs in much of the eastern U.S. It has been recorded from Georgia and Arkansas and is considered likely to occur in Alabama.

Ref.: Dondale and Redner 1975.

Ozyptila monroensis LR

Notes: This eastern U.S. species has been recorded from Mobile, Alabama. It has been collected from abandoned fields and from leaf litter in oak, and maple and basswood forests.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939, Dondale and Redner 1975.

Synema parvulum LR

Notes: This southern U.S. species has been recorded from Auburn, Alabama.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939.

Tmarus angulatus LR

Synonym: Tmarus caudatus.

Notes: This species occurs throughout the U.S. and has been recorded from Auburn, Lee Co., Alabama.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939.

Tmarus floridensis GL

Notes: This species is known from Georgia, Florida, Mississippi and Louisiana. It is considered likely to occur in Alabama.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939.

Tmarus rubromaculatus LR

Synonym: Tmarus griseus.

Notes. This southeastern species has been recorded from Mobile, Mobile Co., Alabama.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939.

Xysticus auctificus LR

Notes: A record exists for Auburn, Alabama. It has been described as being distributed in the Mississippi Valley and Colorado.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939, Turnbull et al 1965.

Xysticus bicuspis LR

Notes: This species occurs throughout the eastern U.S. and has been reported from Auburn, Alabama.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939.

Xysticus discursans LR

Notes: This species is distributed throughout the United States and has been collected in Auburn, Alabama.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939.

Xysticus elegans GL

Notes: Gertsch described this species as being distributed in the U.S. and Canada east of the Rocky Mountains. It is known from Clayton, Georgia and is likely to occur in Alabama.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939.

Xysticus emertoni GL

Notes: This species is reported from scattered localities across the U.S., including Georgia. It is considered likely to occur in Alabama.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939.

Xysticus ferox GL

Notes: This species is known from much of the eastern U.S. It has been collected in Georgia, and is likely to occur in Alabama.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939.

Xysticus fraternus LR

Notes: This species is distributed in the U.S. east of the Rocky Mountains. It has been reported from Mount Vernon, Alabama.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939, Turnbull et al 1965.

Xysticus funestus LR

Notes: This species occurs in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. It has been collected in Auburn, Alabama.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939, Turnbull et al 1965.

Xysticus gulosus LR

Notes: This species is known from much of the U.S. and has been recorded from Auburn, Alabama.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939, Turnbull et al 1965.

Xysticus laticeps LR

Notes: This southeastern U.S. species is represented by holotype specimens collected in Mobile, Alabama.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939.

Xysticus luctans LR

Notes: This species is distributed in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. It has been collected in Auburn, Alabama.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939.

Xysticus texanus GL

Notes: This species is known from the southeastern U.S., Texas and Colorado. It has been collected in Georgia, Florida and Louisiana, and is likely to occur in Alabama.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939.

Xysticus triguttatus GL

Notes: Although no Alabama records were cited, Gertsch described this species as occurring east of the Rockies. It is known from Georgia. Its occurrence in Alabama is likely.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939, Turnbull et al 1965.

Xysticus variabilis LR

Notes: This is a species of the southeastern U.S. It has been collected in North Carolina, Georgia, Florida and Mississippi and is considered likely to occur in Alabama.

Ref.: Gertsch 1939.

ULOBORIDAE

Hyptiotes cavatus LR, PC

Notes: Occurs in Canada and the eastern half of the U.S. Habitat in Alabama is mesic wooded ravines.

Ref.: Opell 1983.

Octonoba octonaria LR

Synonym: Uloborus octonarius.

Notes: This species is known only from the U.S. where it occurs from Maryland through Alabama, north central Texas, and eastern Kansas.

Ref.: Opell 1979, 1983.

Uloborus campestratus GL

Notes: Opell described the distribution as including Florida and Gulf Coast states through Central America to Venezuela.

Ref.: Opell 1979, 1983.

Uloborus glomosus PC

Notes: This species occurs in the eastern half of the U.S., Canada and northern Mexico. I have collected it from Baldwin and Mobile counties in pitcher plant bog and bottomland forest habitats.

Ref.: Opell 1983.

Zosis geniculatus GL

Notes: This cosmotropical species is found from the Gulf Coast states through Central and South America.

Ref.: Opell 1979, 1983.

ZORIDAE

Zora pumila LR

Notes: This species occurs on the eastern coast of the U.S., west to Alabama, Wisconsin and Texas. In Alabama, it is known from Lee and Madison counties. It has been collected in pitfall traps and Berlese samples taken from a pond pine community, brushy prairie, broom sedge, and pine litter. This spider hunts in tall grass and bushes during daylight.