A. English Grammar

1. Units of analysis: discourse, sentence, clause, phrase, word, morpheme

2. What does "grammar" cover: examples of grammatical points taught in an ESL class.

B. What to Teach (three elements of a new item)

	's /s, z, iz/ of Form
Meaning		Usage
possession relationship part and whole time ...		's vs. of of vs. noun compounds ...

C. Two Approaches to Teaching Grammar

1. Deductive learning -- teaching rules, then application in language use

2. Inductive learning -- language exposure and use, then discovery or explanation of rules

D. Process of Teaching Grammar

1. Presentation and Explanation

Guidelines:
-- be correct; don't mislead; If you don't know a rule, tell students you will find the information and bring an answer to class next time.
-- be clear; don't confuse; Use L1 if students can't follow your explanation in English;
-- be consistent; don't contradict; (explanation, terminology)
-- be as detailed as necessary; don't oversimplify; don't try to be exhaustive;
-- use plenty of clear, unambiguous examples;
-- be creative; find the best means to illustrate the meaning and usage;

An example: represent the tenses in the following sentences visually.

now past -----------------------------------------------o-------------------------------------------> future

1. I got up at seven this morning
2. I used to have a cat.
3. We were taking a walk when I saw the accident.
4. I teach linguistics.
5. I am teaching three courses this semester.
6. I have been an ESL teacher for a long time.
7. I will visit Atlanta this weekend.
8. I will be talking with John at that time.
9. I shall have finished writing the paper by the end of the month.

2. Practice and Application: form-focused communicative activities

1) Seven types of activities in the textbook (p. 84)

2) Examples of other activities

a. completing sentences
b. dialogues after model
c. picture naming for singular and plural forms
d. shopping lists for practicing countable and non-countable nouns
e. picture story to practice past and present continuous tense
f. use class schedule to practice simple present tense
g. describe differences between two pictures