Etiology (page 402)

• Hypercalciuria (75%): Calcium oxalate stone

  • Heredity (Idiopathic; most common), Neoplasm, Bowel surgery

• Struvite Stones (10-15%): Magnesium, Ammonium, Phosphate

  • UT Infections: Urease-Producing microbes (Proteus)

• Hyperusicosuria (5-8%): Uric acid stones

  • Gout, Heredity, Malignancy, Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

• Cystinuria (1%): Defective amino acid transport

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